Lined valve



Oct. 30, 1962 D. SINKLER 3,061,269

LINED VALVE Original Filed Dec. 15, 1956 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

DEAS SIN/(LEI? .9 BY

Oct. 30, 1962 D. SINKLER 3,061,269

LINED VALVE Original Filed Dec. 13, 1956 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

7a 640 78 sec 034 INVENTOR.

DEAS Sl/VKL ER Y Oct. 30, 1962 D. SINKLER 3,061,269

LINED VALVE Original Filed Dec. 13, 1956 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR.

054s SIN/(L El? 4 71 ATTORNE D. ISINKLER Oct. 30, 1962 LINED VALVE 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Original Filed Dec. 13, 1956 rtlilstllll ivlllll I llilllliilill'l i I 6 lilildllllitll Ill I l V' d 'lfl l l l INVENTOR.

D5445 SIN/(LEI? BY ATTO f Oct. 30, 1962 D. SINKLER 3,061,269

LINED VALVE Original Filed Dec. 13, 1956 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR.

DEAS SIN/(LEI? ATTORNEY Oct. 30, 1962 D. SINKLER 3,061,269

LINED VALVE Original Filed Dec. 13, 1956; s Sheets-Sheet s 3 ag -l 62C 5O I -L 40 ///-lll I 14v INVENTOR. DE 445 SIN/(LEI? 2 9- BY J i 1 ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,061,269 LINED VALVE Deas Sinkler, 2584 Trayrnore Road, Cleveland 18, Ohio Continuation of application Ser. No. 628,039, Dec. 13, 1956. This application Apr. 3, 1962, Ser. No. 186,595 r 20 Claims. (Cl. 251-317) This is a continuation of my pending patent application Serial No. 628,039, filed December 13, 1956.

This invention relates to valves, and more particularly to valves which have been designed to provide free turning of the valving member thereof.

An object of the invention is to provide a valve having ribs therein for areas characterized by high sealing pressures between the valving means and valve body, said valve also having areas of reduced pressure.

Another object of the invention is to provide a valve with a sealing member disposed between the valving mem her and body to reduce the torque required to turn or operate the valve.

A further object of the invention is to provide a valve having the hereinabove described characteristics, having cavities provided therein to accommodate axial and radial expansion and contraction of the sealing means.

Still a further object of the invention is to provide a valve provided with a sealing member interposed between the valving member and body wherein high pressure sealing areas are established and maintained by expansion and contraction of the sealing member against ribs provided in the body or valving member.

Another object of the invention is to teach a method of utilizing a sealing member or sleeve of orientable material, the physical properties of which are improved by the method of manufacture or fabrication.

A further object of the invention is to provide a valve having the hereinabove described characteristics in which the properties of the sealing member are improved in the areas surrounding the flow passages thereof.

These and other objects are attained by the means described herein and as disclosed in the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a top view of a valve embodying the teachings of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken on line 2-2 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a view of FIG. 1 of the valve body, with the valving member, sealing member, diaphragm, cover and gland removed.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view on line 4-4 of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view on line 5-5 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a sectional View taken on line 6-6 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken on line 7-7 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 8 is a section taken on line 8-8 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken through a pre-formed sealing member or sleeve of orientable material.

FIG. 1 0 is a sectional view on line 10-10- of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 9, showing the sleeve material after having been cold coined, showing the direction of orientation and lamination of the material.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view on line 12-12 of FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 is an illustration of FIGS. 9 and 11 in superimposed relationship for purposes of providing an understandable comparison of their relative sizes and shapes.

FIG. 14 is a section on line 14-14 of FIG. 13.

FIG/l5 is a partial view of the valve body of FIG. 7, with the sleeve of FIGS. 11 and 12 initially inserted therein.

FIG. 16 is similar to FIG. 15, illustrating the sleeve as having been expanded into place by sizing.

FIG. 17 is a greatly enlarged view of one of the ribs 'ice' of FIG. 16 and the sleeve associated therewith, and illustrating a high pressure area of greater orientation and an area of reduced pressure and lesser orientation.

FIG. 18 is an enlarged diagrammatic view illustrating the approximate crystalline structure of a preferred sleeve material.

FIG. 19 is an enlarged view showing the fibrous structure of the material of FIG. 18 in oriented condition.

FIG. 20 i a perspective view of a Sleeve as it would appear in a completed valve structure and showing its areas of maximum orientation and intermediate areas of lesser orientation.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view illustrating the manner in which a valve, embodying the teachings of the present invention, may be fabricated by applying a moldable body material around a previously formed sleeve as in FIG. 20, and illustrating a construction which does not utilize cavities between portions of the sleeve and body, as illustrated in FIG. 17.

FIG. 22 is a sectional view of a valve body, sealing member and valving member, with parts of the sealing member and valving member being cut away for clarity of detail and understanding, wherein means are provided in both the body member and valving member for producing high pressure sealing areas surrounding the flow passage therethrough.

FIG. 23 is a sectional view of a valve body, sealing member and valving member, with parts of the sealing member and valving member being cut away for clarity of detail and understanding, wherein the valving member has been provided with relieved areas adjacent the opposite ends thereof for producing circumferential areas of low pressure in the sealing member.

FIG. 24 i a sectional view of a valve body, sealing member and valving member, with parts of the sealing member and valving member being cut away for clarity of detail and understanding, wherein the valving member per se is provided with means for providing high and low pressure areas in the sealing member.

FIG. 25 is a sectional view of a valve body, sealing member and valving member, with parts of the sealing member and valving member being cut away for clarity of detail and understanding, wherein the sealing member comprises two sleeves, one secured to and carried by the body member, the other secured to and carried by the valving member.

FIG. 26 is a sectional view of a valve body, sealing member and valving member, with parts of the sealing member and valving member being cut away for clarity of detail and understanding, illustrating means on the body member and valving member for producing high pressure sealing areas surrounding the flow passages there,- through.

With particular reference now to the drawings, the numeral 30 denotes generally a valve having a rotatable valving member. Said valve, as best illustrated in FIG. 2, may comprise a body member 32 having flow passages 34 therethrough and provided with a cylindrical or tapered bore denoted generally by the numeral 36 intersecting flow passages 34. The numeral 3-8 denotes generally a rotatable valving member which is preferably though not necessarily frusto-conical, having flow passages 40 therethrough which are adapted to be selectively aligned with flow passages 34 of the body. Shank 42 projects upwardly from the valving member, being provided at its upper end with flats 44 to facilitate the attachment of an operating lever 46. a

The numeral 50 denotes generally a sealing member or sleeve of orientable material interposed between the adjacent faces of the valving member 38 and bore 36 of the body. A sealing diaphragm 52 is interposed between body 32 and a cover 54 which is held in sealing relationship with the body by means of studs 56 and nuts 58, as illustrated. A gland 6t) threadably engages cover 54 for providing axial adjustment of the valving member while maintaining sealed relationship between the diaphragm and that member. It should be understood that the present invention is neither limited by nor directed to the specific structural details of the sealing diaphragm, cover and gland 60, said relationship being exemplary rather than restrictive.

With particular reference new to FIGURES 4, and 7, the numeral 62 denotes continuous ribs which extend outwardly of and completely surround flow passages 34; the numeral 64 and 64a denote continuous outwardly projecting ribs located above and below said flow passages and which extend circumferentially of the bore in distinction to ribs 62 which are disposed circumferentially with respect to the ends of the flow passages. The numerals 66 denote rib areas that are common to rib areas 62 and 64, whereas rib 66a is common to rib areas 62 and 64a. 68 and 68a denote vertical ribs to provide further locking of the sealing member or sleeve 56 against rotation and to increase the stability of the assembly against tipping of the valving member with respect to the body.

Projections 70 and 72 extend inwardly from the bore of the valve body and upward from the bottom of the bore of the valve body to provide locating seats for the bottom of the sealing member, extending, however, only partially across the wall thickness of the sealing member.

The numerals 74 and 74a represent cavities disposed above rib 64 and below rib 64a, respectively; whereas the numeral 76 denotes a cavity intermediate ribs 62 which oircumscribe the flow passages 34 and intermediate ribs 64 and 64a which circumscribe the bore above and below the flow passages.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the boreadjacent ends of flow passages 34 of the body are provided with additional areas of enlarged diameter which have been indicated by the numerals 78 in FIGS. 4, 5, 7, 15, 16 and 17. It will be noted that the enlarged areas 78 completely surround and circumscribe the intersection of the how passages 34 with bore 36 through the body, said areas 78 being chamfered; by way of example.

According to the teachings of the present invention, sleeve 50 may be fabricated from a rigid material such as Monel metal, copper, brass, and other simiiar substances having inherent self-lubricating and anti-galling properties. The sleeves may likewise be fabricated from resilient material such as rubber, 'by way of example.

However, it is preferred that the sleeve be of a material that is characterized by having resilience and elasticity under certain conditions, yet being subject to deformation under load in order to produce a strengthening effect by cold work or orientation in the areas where such strengthening is desired. The material should also be characterized by a low coefficient of friction, also for purpose of applications involving solvents, and other chemicals it should be characterized by inertness and resistance to corrosion. The sleeve material should likewise be such as to permit it to be used over wide temperature and pressure ranges.

The preferred sleeve materials include those of the polyethylene group, particularly the halogenated ethylenes which are characterized by outstanding resistance to corrosives and solvents and extremely low coefficients of friction.

Polytetrafiuoroethylene (Teflon) is such a desirable material. It is, however, Characterized by a relatively high linear thermal coefficient of expansion. It is also subject to permanent deformation under conditions of excessive pressure. It is therefore desirable to provide areas such as 74, 74a, 78 and 76 into which it can expand and contract with changes of temperature and/ or pressure.

The preferred construction illustrated in FIG. 4 provides simultaneously:

a. Locking of the sleeve in place with respect to the body.

b. Areas of high sealing pressure 62, 64, 64a, 66 and 66a adjacent to and above and below the flow passages.

0. Intermediate internal areas of substantially reduced pressure upon the valving member 38, FIGS. 2 and 4, for minimizing the torque required to operate the valve.

:1. Substantial cavities 74, 74a 76 and 78 to accommodate expansion and contraction of the sleeve material minimizing the cold flow under severe conditions.

e. The establishment of sealing pressure in the rib areas 62;, 64, 64a, 66 and 66a by axial and radial contraction or expansion of the sleeve against the edges of said ribs upon cooling or heating.

Teflon is one of a number of plastic materials of the orienting type. Resistance to cold flow under pressure is materially increased by cold work. Specifically the tensile strength in the direction of working the material within and beyond its elastic limits is a function of the reduction in cross section by such cold working. These orienting types of materials also have plastic memory. This means that a material, after having been deformed, has the tendency to return to its original shape.

These properties are utilized in the preferred construction of this invention. The Teflon sleeve 50, FIGS. 9 and 10, is initially formed considerably shorter and with a substantially larger outside diameter than in its finished form. The sleeve is cured or sintered by heating to 7 00 F. for three hours and allowed to cool. It is then cold formed as in FIGS. 11 and 12 to reduce its outside diameter and reduce its cross-sectional area by to with a proportionate increase in length. In this condition it is so proportioned as to require substantial additional reduction in section by press fitting into the valve body as illustrated in FIG. 15. Subsequent enlargement of the inner and outer diameters is accomplished by means of a sizing plug. This operation causes additional orientation in the rib areas Q, as illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 17, by further reducing the section in these areas by approximately 25%. This sizing operation also causes the intermediate areas R to expand into a locking relationship with the opposite sides of the ribs 62, 64, 64a, 66, 66a, 68 and 68a. Such expansion, however, does not completely fill the expansion areas, as illustrated at 76 in FIGS. 15, 16 and 17, leaving sufficient room for expansion and contraction of the sleeve into the expansion cavities 74, 74a, 76 and 78 without completely filling them. Upon heating or cooling of the assembled valves, these locking areas of the sleeve further seal against leakage by expanding or contracting against the edges of the ribs.

With reference now to FIG. 20, I have illustrated an oriented sleeve of the type which is found in a completed, operable valve structure, and for clarity of detail and understanding the various mating areas of the sleeve have been designated by numerals higher than the numerals designating the mating parts of the valve member, as follows: 162, 164, 164a, 166, 1660, 168 and 168a enote areas of high compression which also provide areas of a relatively high degree of orientation, whereas the numerals 174, 174a, 176 and the chamfered area 178 denote areas of relatively lesser orientation.

In order to more thoroughly describe the problem solved by my invention, the following dissertation on the characteristics of Teflon will be helpful:

Teflon is furnished as a dry fiutfy powder. It may be used pure or with fillers such as fiber glass which may be incorporated to improve its natural physical properties. The normal process for forming Teflon parts consist of compressing the powder cold in metal dies. The part is then removed from the mold and is sintered at approximately 700 F. for varying lengths of time depending on the mass and shape of the part being made. Upon removal from the furnace the hot sintered parts may be allowed to cool slowly to room temperature or may be quenched by rapidly cooling in water or some other suitable medium or may be hot coined in the preform die. Parts allowed to cool slowly have a relatively coarse grain, crystalline structure. Parts quenched have a much finer grain structure. Parts hot coined in a cold metal die tend to be quenched on the surface. Parts may be finished to accurate dimension by either being hot coined and allowed to cool in the coining mold or they may be cold coined. Sometimes during the coining operation it is desirable to reduce the parts in section by compression beyond the elastic limit of the part in order to improve the physical properties of the Teflon.

Teflon molded by compression tends to have a laminar structure. The planes of lamination occur perpendicular to the axis of the direction of the force of compaction. In unoriented molded pure Teflon, the tensile strength in the direction of compaction is approximately 1500 p.s.i., while the tensile strength 90 to the direction of compaction is approximately 3000 p.s.i.

Orienting or cold work of Teflon by compression beyond its elastic limit results in the squashing and elongation of crystals into a fibrous type of structure vastly increasing its tensile strength in the direction of work, i.e. it is strengthened transverse the direction of reduction in section. Tensile strength may be increased to as much as 15,000 p.s.i. by cold Work. Stiffness is also improved by cold work.

Teflon has plastic memory to its sintered uncoined shape. It may be deformed by subsequent operations or by use within or beyond its elastic limits and still be caused to return to its original sintered shape by resintering at 700 F. It may also be caused to partially return to its original shape by heating to lower than sintering temperatures. Recovery in slightly oriented (5 to 15% reduction in section) Teflon will start to occur above 450 F. Teflon with medium orientation (15 to 35% reduction) will start to recover between 300 'F. and 450 F. Fully oriented Teflon will have some recovery at any increase in temperature. The degree of recovery is a function of increase in temperature and/ or the length of time the Teflon is exposed at a given temperature.

Orientation of Teflon tends to reduce its linear thermal coeflicient of expansion in the direction of orientation upon heating and to increase its linear thermal coeflioient of expansion upon cooling.

In the present invention the properties obtained in molding, quenching, and cold working are all utilized and are necessary for the optimum operation of the valves under different operating conditions.

In the drawings:

FIGS. 9 and 10 are sections through a preformed sleeve 50 for a 1" valve.

FIGS. 11 and 12 are sections through a cold coined sleeve for a 1" valve showing the direction of orientation and lamination of the Teflon.

FIGS. 13 and 14 are sections of the preform and coined sleeves superimposed to show the relative sizes and shapes. It is apparent that the plastic memory of the finished sleeve makes it want to recover becoming shorter and thicker and expanding in its OD. and ID.

FIG. 15 is a section of a l" valve through the center line of the ports with the sleeve in place but not sized.

FIG. 16 is similar to FIG. 15, but with the sleeve expanded into place by sizing.

FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of FIG. 16 showing rib details, locking of the sleeves and the remaining expansion cavity.

FIG. 18 is an enlarged view of the approximate crystalline structure of non-oriented Teflon.

FIG. 19 is an enlarged view showing the fibrous structure of oriented Teflon, G being the direction of reduction in section and H being the direction of elongation of section.

In FIGS. 9 and 10 the preform is preferably made in a mold in which the cavity and force are both tapered to permit lateral compression of the powders. This causes the part to be laminar radially from the central axis. Parts of pure Teflon are preformed at pressures of 1500 to 3000 p.s.i. Parts of reinforced Teflon require pressures up to 15,000 p.s.i. or even greater in order to obtain non-porous parts of uniform density. The preferred tapers in the preform die for the present invention fall between 4 and 8 for the outer surface and between 2 and 6 on its inner surface. The relative taper between the two being held between 1 /2 and 2 /2 Other relative tapers would be preferred for finished parts of different tapers.

After molding the preform is removed from the mold and is heated to 700 F. for a period of three hours or longer and is then water quenched from 700 F. to room temperature.

In FIGS. 11 and 12 the coined sleeve is preferably formed in a mold which reverses the tapers from the preform so as to obtain radialpressure on the sintered preform and to compensate for the inherent spring back so as to obtain a part which is cylindrical on the outside and tapered 2 per side on its inner surface.

The coined sleeve preferably has an outer diameter approximately .050" larger than the bore of the valve body into which it will be placed. The inner diameter is preferably the same size or slightly smaller diameter than the plug to be used in the Valve.

In FIG. 15 the sleeve is pressed into the body, thus reducing both its inner and outer diameters, leaving approximately .063" clearance between the outer diameter of the sleeve and the relief area intermediate of the sealing and locking ribs.

In FIGS. 16 and 17 the sleeve is shown after a sizing operation consisting of forcing a tapered sizing plug, not illustrated, into the bore expanding the sleeve to partially fill the expansion cavity 76 and chamfer 78. This operation serves to further orient the sleeve in the areas Q, between the ribs 62 and the plug 38. This operation also serves to expand the sleeve into the chamfer 78, extending around the port 34 of the body, thus providing additional sealing around the port.

In order to properly describe how sleeves formed by the foregoing process supplement the rib expansion cavity construction in valves, it is necessary to describe in more detail the properties of pure and filled Teflon and more particularly how these properties are affected by molding and cold working procedures.

There are many reasons why the use of pure Teflon is desirable over the use of Teflon containing fillers. First of all it is chemically inert over a wide temperature range and has an extremely low coeflicient of friction. Unoriented pure Teflon, however, has a high thermal coeflicient of expansion and relatively poor resistance to cold flow. For example:

Pure Teflon permanently deforms under a static load at 122 F. approximately 4 to 8 percent at 1200 lbs. per square inch. Permanent deformation at 2400 lbs. per square inch approximates 25 percent. This deformation, however, does not increase unless the load or the temperature increases. Thus a Teflon part that had been orientated by 25 percent reduction at say 2400 lbs. per square inch could safely be used up to that pressure without fear of further change in dimensions.

The use of fillers in molded Teflon is not new and serves to reduce the linear thermal coeflicient of expansion, to increase resistance to cold flow and to increase stiffness. Fillers, however, introduce some other properties and conditions which may not be desirable. First, they tend to increase the coeflicient of friction. Second- 1y, they require considerably higher molding pressure in order to produce dense non-porous preforms. Many are subject to chemical attack in service. Others such as carbon, graphite, copper powder and other similar conducting materials can cause electrolytic cell corrosion of mating metal parts. In some cases the fillers themselves can actually contaminate the solution being handled, either by mechanically becoming unattached from the Teflon matrix or by chemical attack such as occurs in the case of calcium fluoride in the presence of sulphuric acid. The calcium fluoride reacts with sulphuric acid to liberate hydro-fluoric acid into the solution. In the case of certain desirable fillers such as fiber glass the molding powders become much more flufly, thus requiring a much larger loading chamber in the preform dies. For example:

Pure Teflon has a bulk factor of 4 to 1. This means that a loading chamber of approximately three times the size of the finished piece must be used. Teflon filled with 15 percent fiber glass, however, has a bulk factor of approximately 7 /2 to 1, therefore a loading chamber nearly twice the size of that required for pure Teflon is necessary in the preform. This not only makes the dies more expensive but also requires a longer stroke of the compressing force in order to accomplish the same results. This same glass filled Teflon powder also requires a compressive force of at least 15,000v p.s.i., in order to obtain parts that are dense and non-porous; thus in many cases a larger size press is required to obtain parts of the same dimensions as could be obtained on smaller presses in pure Teflon.

For the purposes of the present invention filled Teflon would be used primarily to reduce deformation under load and to decrease the linear thermal coefficient expansion of Teflon. The same results, however, may practically be obtained by proper orientation of pure Teflon.

Sealing against leakage is a function of the unit pressure over the entire seal area. The torque required to turn a valve is a function of the pressure exerted in the sealing area and its coefiicient of friction. Pure Teflon has a low coefiicient of friction. It is well known that the addition of fillers substantially increases the coeificient of friction, particularly under increasing loads.

For service at low pressures and low temperatures, adequate sleeves can be made of pure Teflon with a minimum amount of cold working. This would provide for valves requiring a minimum of torque to operate and a minimum danger of corrosion or contamination of the solution being handled. With unoriented Teflon sleeves, valves can be made to satisfactorily handle pressures up to 150 lbs. per square inch and temperature swings in the order of 150 F.

Unoriented 15 percent glass filled Teflon sleeves extend the temperature range to. approximately 200 F., however, sleeves of pure Teflon oriented by reduction of approximately 25 percent in section also perform satisfactorily in 200 temperature swings yet require considerably less torque to operate the valves than the glass filled sleeves.

The use of glass filled sleeves oriented by 25 percent reduction area extends the useful temperature range to approximately 250 F., however, pure Teflon sleeves oriented by approximately 50 percent reduction in section also handle this temperature range with considerably less torque required to turn the valve. Higher pressures and temperatures can be handled with filled and unfilled Teflon which have correspondingly further reduction in section.

The following is a table of dimensions of a typical pure Teflon valve sleeve for a 1" valve for service alternating from 50 F. to 300 F. in the varying stages of molding and insertion into the valve. Valves constructed with 15 percent fiber glass filled Teflon made by the same procedure would handle temperature swings from 50 8 F. to 350 F. but would require twice the number of foot pounds of torque to turn the plug.

A. Dimensions at Centerline of Sleeve From the foregoing, it will be noted that I have thus provided simple yet highly effective means for providing a valve which will require a minimum of torque in order to effect relative movement between the valving member and body member, and wherein means are provided intermediate or between the valving member and bore of the body member for providing a leakproof fit effective throughout wide variations in temperature, pressures and vacuums. It will be further noted that I have likewise utilized the means by which high sealing pressures are effected around the fluid passageways of the valve for positively securing and anchoring a sealing member in place relative to the valving member and body.

It should also be noted that the sealing member in the structure described may readily be removed and replaced in case of damage without the necessity of expensive machining and lapping.

It should also be noted that the valve requires no lubricant or packing, thus minimizing the danger of contamination of the fluids being handled.

It should be understood that the present invention covers not only the straight-way or two-port valve illustrated in FIG. 2 of the drawings, but any other type of multi-port valves.

It should likewise be understood that in certain instances it may be desirable to secure a sleeve member to one or the other of the mating members, viz., the valving member as in FIG. 24, or body member as in FIGS. 2, 22 and 23, or both of them as in FIG. 25, by means of welding or cementing. The invention likewise contemplates the use of sealing members fabricated from materials having lower linear thermal coefficients of expansion from that of the mating parts, as well as material having higher linear thermal coeificients of expansion as described herein.

It should likewise be understood that the present invention contemplates a valve construction wherein the sealing member is secured to and carried by the valving member, as illustrated in FIG. 24, as well as by the body member, as illustrated, by way of example, in FIG. 23; and also wherein two sealing members would be utilized when one of the sealing members is secured to and carried by the valving member and the other mating sealing member is secured to and carried by the body members as illustrated in FIG.. 25.

With reference now to FIG. 21, it will be noted thatthe numeral 50 denotes generally a sealing member formed substantially as illustrated in FIG. 20, and wherein a body-member-forming substance has been illustrated exteriorly thereof, being positively keyed or locked thereto as by means. of ribs 64 and 64a; said body member being fabricated of a moldable material, such as, by way of example, but not of restriction, KEL-F (monochlorotrifluoroethylene), which moldable material might also be interposed between a metal body shell and the aforesaid sealing member.

With particular reference now to FIG. 22, the numeral 252V denotes an outwardly projecting portion provided on the valving member 38, said portion completely surrounding the ends of the flow passage 40 of the valving member. The combining effect of body rib 62, which circumscribes the end of the body flow passage 34, and said outwardly projecting portion 262V of the valving member will produce a high pressure sealing area 3628 in sealing member which high pressure sealing area surrounds the flow passage of said body member.

In FIG. 23 the upper and lower portions of the plug or valving member 38 of FIG. 2 have been provided with relieved areas 74V at opposite ends thereof for providing means in or on the valving member per se for producing circumferential areas 748 of low pressure in the sealing member.

In FIG. 24 the numeral 236 denotes a cylindrical or tapered bore in body member 32 which intersects flow passage 134 thereof. In this modification the sleeve 5% is secured to and carried by valving member 383 which includes continuous ribs 362V, which continuously and completely surround the ends of the flow passage 40 of the valving member, and which also include outwardly projecting ribs 364V and 364AV, which are located above and below flow passage 40 and which extend circumferentially of the valve. The numeral 76V denotes a recessed area provided in the valving member for providing an area of low or reduced sealing pressure in the sealing member. The numerals 274V and 274AV denote undercut or relieved areas at the opposite ends of the valving member for producing circumferential areas of low pressure in the sealing member beyond the high pressure sealing areas 364V and 364AV.

In the construction of FIG. 24, it will be understood that the sealing member 50 is secured to and carried by valving member 3813 with which it will rotate as an integral unit.

In FIG. 25 I have illustrated the use of two sealing members denoted by the reference characters 50A and 503, wherein sealing member 50A is secured to and carried by the body member 32 which includes ribs 62 which extend outwardly of and completely surround flow passages 34, as well as ribs 64 and 64A located above and below said flow passages circumferentially of the valving member-receptive bore.

Sleeve member 50B is secured to and carried by valving member 38B, which may be constructed in the same manner as the valving member of FIG. 24, Viz., with outwardly extending ribs 363V, 364V and 364AV; depressed or recessed areas 76V, and circumferentially disposed relieved areas 274V and 2-74AV at opposite ends thereof. The adjacent faces of sealing members 50A and 50B are in axial alignment and, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, each of said sleeves is provided with high pressure areas 4628 and 5628, which completely surround the respective flow passages through the body member and valving member, respectively; as well as high pressure sealing areas circumferentially of each of said sealing members.

The sleeve members 50A and 50B will be provided with areas of reduced pressure adjacent the respective projecting rib portions of the body and valving members as in the sleeve construction illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 24.

In FIG. 26 the numerals 264V and 264AV denote outwardly projecting portions on valving member 38C which are located circumferentially of and adjacent the opposite ends of said valving member. The numeral 620 denotes an outwardly projecting portion provided on the body member 32C which circumscribes the end of the body flow passage 34C.

The outwardly projecting body portion 62C will pro vide a high pressure sealing area 4628 in the sealing member 50C which completely and continuously surrounds the ends of flow passage 34C of body 32C. The outwardly projecting valve portions 264V and 264AV will produce high pressure sealing areas 4648 and 464AS in the sealing member adjacent the ends of and circumferentially of said valving member.

The numerals 474 and 474A denote areas of reduced pressure in sealing member 500 intermediate and completely surrounded by said high pressure areas 464$, 462$ and 464AS.

In conclusion, it will be noted that various changes and modifications may be made in the structural details of the device, within the scope of appended claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and a sealing member, said sealing member formed of a deformable material having a low coeflicient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corrosives and solvents, each of said members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said 'valving and body members and secured against movement with respect to one of said members, means integral with said last mentioned member for providing high pressure areas in the sealing member completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body, valving and sealing members, and means integral with that member with respect to which the sealing member is stationary for providing relief areas to accommodate said sealing member incident to expansion and contraction thereof.

2. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and a sealing member, said sealing member formed of a deformable material having a low coefiic-ient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corrosives and solvents, each of said members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members, means integral with one of said body or valving members for simultaneously producing high pressure areas in the sealing member completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body, valving and sealing members in all positions of said valving member, and locking said sealing member against movement with respect to the member containing said means.

3. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and a sealing member, said sealing member formed of a deformable material having a low coefiicient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corrosives and solvents, and having a linear thermal coeflicient of expansion differing from the linear thermal coeflicient of expansion of at least one of said body and valving members, each of said members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members and secured against movement with respect to one of said members which has a different linear thermal coefficient of expansion, means integral with said last mentioned member for providing high pressure areas in the sealing member completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body, valving and sealing members in all positions of said valving member, said high pressure area producing means providing additional areas upon which the sealing member exerts sealing pressures incident to contraction and expansion.

4. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and a sealing member, said sealing member formed of a deformable material having a low coefficient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corrosives and solvents, each of said members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to saidbody member to place-the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages .of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members and secured against movement with respect to one of said members, means integral with said last mentioned member for placing and maintaining said sealing member in tension within its elastic limits and of simultaneously providing high pressure areas in the sealing member completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body, valving and sealing members, said integral means providing areas of reduced pressure intermediate and completely surrounded by said high pressure areas.

5. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and a sealing member, said sealing member formed of a deformable material having a low coefficient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corrosives and solvents, each of said members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place their respective flow passages in and out of communication with each other, said sealing member interposed between said body and valving members and secured against movement with respect to said valving member, means integral with said valving member for providing high pressure areas in the sealing member completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body, valving and sealing members, means integral with said body member for providing circumferential high pressure areas in said sealing member above and below said flow passages, and means integral with said body and =valving members providing areas of reduced pressure in said sealing member intermediate and completely surrounded by said high pressure areas.

6. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and a sealing member, said sealing member formed of a deformable material having a low coefiicient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corrosives and solvents, each of said members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members and secured against movement with respect to one of said members, means integral with said last mentioned member for providing high pressure areas circumferentially in the sealing member above and below said flow passages, and providing other radial high pressure areas in the sealing member completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body, valving and sealing members, means integral with said last mentioned means providing areas of reduced pressure in said sealing member intermediate and completely surrounded by said high pressure areas, and providing other areas of reduced pressure in said sealing member beyond said circumferential high pressure areas, said areas of reduced pressure providing relief areas intermediate said flow passages and above and below said circumferential high pressure areas to accommodate said sealing member incident to expansion and contraction thereof.

7. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and a sealing member, said sealing member being formed of a polytetrafluoroethylene material, each of said members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place the flow passags of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members, means integral with said body member simultaneously producing high pressure areas in the sealing member completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body, valving and sealing members, and locking said sealing member against movement with respect to said body member.

uni

8. A valve comprising a body member, a valving memher and a sealing member, said sealing member formed of a deformable material having a low coefficient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corrosives and solvents and having a linear thermal coeificient of expansion differing from the linear thermal coefficient of expansion of at least one of said body and valving mem- 'bers, each of said body, valving and sealing members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members and secured against movement with respect to one of said members which has a different linear thermal coefficient of expansion, means integral with said last mentioned member for providing high pressure areas in the sealing member completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body, valving and sealing members when the flow passage of said valving member is out of communication with the flow passage of said body member, said high-pressurearea-producing-means providing additional areas upon which the sealing member exerts sealing pressures incident to contraction and expansion.

9. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and a sealing member, said sealing member formed of a deformable material having a low coefficient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corrosives and solvents, each of said members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members and secured against movement with respect to said body member, means integral with said body member providing high pressure areas in the sealing member com pletely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body and sealing members when the flow passage of said valving member is out of communication with the flow passage of said body member, and means integral with said body member for providing relief areas intermediate and completely surrounding said high pressure areas to accommodate said sealing member incident to expansion and contraction thereof.

10. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and an orientable, crystalling sealing member having a low coefiicient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corrosives and solvents, each of said members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members and secured against movement relative to said body member, means integral with said body member for producing high pressure areas in the sealing member completely and continuously surrounding a flow passage of said body member, and areas of reduced pressure in said sealing member adjacent said high pressure areas therein, wherein said sealing member is compressed beyond its elastic limit in said high pressure areas.

11. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and an orientable, crystalline sealing member having a low coeflicient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corrosives and solvents, each of said members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members and secured against movement relative to said valving member, means integral with r 13 said valving member for producing high pressure areas in the sealing member completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body member when the flow passages of said valving and sealing members are out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, and areas of reduced pressure in said sealing member adjacent said high pressure areas therein, wherein said sealing member is compressed beyond its elastic limit in said high pressure areas.

12. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and a pair of orientable, crystalline sealing members, each having a low coeflicient of friction and which are substantially resistant to corrosives and solvents, each of said body, valving and sealing members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, said sealing members interposed between said valving and body members, means integral with said body member for producing high pressure areas in one of said sealing members completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body member, means integral with said valving member for producing high pressure areas in the other of said sealing members completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body member, areas of reduced pressure in each of said sealing members adjacent the said high pressure areas therein, wherein said sealing members are compressed beyond their elastic limits in their respective high pressure areas, means locking the first of said sealing members against movement relative to said body member, and other means looking the other of said sealing members against movement relative to said valving member.

13. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and an orientable, crystalline sealing member having a low coefiicient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corresives and solvents, each of said members including fiow passages, means mounting said valving member for-movement relative to said body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members, said sealing member including high pressure areas which completely and continuously surround the flow passages thereof, and areas of reduced pressure in said sealing member adjacent said high pressure areas therein, wherein said sealing member is compressed beyond its elastic limit in said high pressure areas.

14. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and a sealing member, said sealing member being formed of a polytetraifluoroethylene material, each of said members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members and secured against movement with respect to one of said members, means integral with said member to which the sealing member is secured for providing high pressure areas in the sealing member completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body, valving and sealing members in all positions of said valving member, said integral means providing areas of reduced pressure in said sealing member intermediate and completely surrounded by said high pressure areas.

15. A valve as described in claim 2, wherein the sealing member is composed of a resilient material.

16. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and a sealing member, said sealing member formed of a deformable material having a low coefficient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corrosives and solvents, each of said members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members and secured against movement with respect to said body member, means integral with said body member for providing high pressure areas in the sealing member completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body, valving and sealing members, means integral with said valving member providing circumferential high pressure areas in said sealing member above and below said flow passages, and means integral with said body and valving members providing areas of reduced pressure in said sealing member intermediate and completely surrounded by said high pressure areas.

17. In combination with a valve of the type which includes a body member and a valving member, each having flow passages therethrough and means for mounting the valving member for movement relative to the body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, of a sealing member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members and being formed of an orientable, deformable material having a low coefficient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corrosives and solvents and whose resistance to deformation is increased incident to reduction of cross-section by compression, said sealing member having areas of varying degrees of resistance to deformation wherein the areas of greater resistance to deformation are disposed in pressure sealing relationship between said body and valving members completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body member in all positions of said valving member.

18. In combination with a valve of the type which includes a body member and a valving member, each having flow passages therethrough and means for mounting the valving member for movement relative to the body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, of a sealing member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members and being formed of an orientable, deformable material having a low coefficient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corresives and solvents and whose resistance of deformation is capable of being improved incident to reduction of section by working, said sealing member having areas of varying degrees of resistance to deformation wherein the areas of greater resistance to deformation are disposed in pressure sealing relationship between said body and valving members completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body member in all positions of said valving member, and wherein the areas of lesser resistance to deformation are intermediate the areas of greater resistance to deformation.

19. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and a sealing member, said sealing member being formed of a polytetrafiuoroethylene material, each of said members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the flow passages of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members, means integral with said body member simultaneously producing high pressure areas in the sealing member completely and continuously surrounding the flow passage of said body and sealing members when the flow passage of said valving member is out of communication with the flow passage of said body member, and locking said sealing member against movement with respect to said body member.

20. A valve comprising a body member, a valving member and a sealing member, said sealing member formed of a deformable material having a low coefficient of friction and which is substantially resistant to corrosives and solvents, each of said members including flow passages, means mounting said valving member for movement relative to said body member to place the flow passages of said valving member in and out of communication with the How passages of said body member, said sealing member interposed between said valving and body members and secured against movement with respect to one of said members, means integral with said last men- 10 tioned member for providing high pressure areas in the sealing member completely and continuously surrounding the flow passages of said body member when the flow passage of said valving member is out of communication with the flow passage of said body member, and means integral with that member with respect to which the sealing member is stationary for providing relief areas to accommodate said sealing member incident to expansion and contraction thereof.

No references cited. 

